FEATURE

Another Face of Blackletter vol.3

何故かポップカルチャーで見かけるブラックレターは、ワルそうでカッコいい。まるで、いまにも揉め事に巻き込まれてしまいそうな不良たちの潔さに似た、クールで物騒な印象を感じ取ってしまう。これはいつ始まったことなんだろう?グーテンベルク聖書やキリスト教会でみる時の厳かな印象とはかけ離れたこのギャップを埋めるべく、HIPHOP、ROCK ,悪魔崇拝からナチスまで、ブラックレターの100年を振り返る。

Blackletter and Heavy Metal

Before HIPHOP, the music industry was dominated by rock music, which was a huge commercial success. It brought music into the daily lives of young people and expanded it to the level of arena venues. Within this rock music, there is one genre that has a high frequency of black lettering in album artwork and merchandising designs. Yes, that is heavy metal. Nowadays, this music, characterized by heavily distorted guitars and extreme lyrics, which has become a fad of the past, has become a sort of stylized subgenre within rock, including the extreme nature of its performances, and has deepened with the support of a strong audience, except for the most famous bands. Musically, the shout-along style over the furious riffs of the Beatles’ “Helter Skelter” (1968) is considered pioneering, and Led zeppelin , Deep Purple, and Black Sabbath are credited with pioneering the genre in its early years.

Black Sabbath was one of the pioneers of heavy metal, the band that invited the devil into rock and made blackletter a staple by associating it with the devil. black Sabbath is a band from England, formed in 1968, and until 1979, founder Ozzy Osbourne was a member of the band. Yes, the legendary figure who bit off a bat in that live performance. When the band was first formed, it was called Earth, but bassist Geezer Butler renamed the band after the 1963 Italian horror film “Black Sabbath. He said he was amazed to see people lining up for the horror movie, which was still rare at the time, and that people would pay to be scared, and since then they have pursued occult themes and a horror-inspired lyric and musical world, with a demonic production that has kept the band going.

Sabbath Bloody Sabbath 1973

The cover art for the band’s fifth album, released in 1973, was illustrated by Drew Struzan, who created posters for Star Wars and other projects under the creative direction of Ernie Cefalu, and depicts a deathbed where the devil is coming for him. The black lettering is used to suggest demonic imagery.

The Age of Satanic Entertainment

The suspicion of modern rationalism directed by the counterculture of the 1960s, together with psychedelic drugs, spearheaded the search for an alternative spirituality. The counterculture opposed the existing social system supported by Christianity and modern rationalism, and at the same time that the hippies were resisting rationality through psychedelics and music, new religions, Eastern philosophy, and the New Age movement were emerging as new spiritualities that resisted Christianity. All of these were beginning to be distributed as pop culture through the expanding media.

COMMUNITIES IN CALIFORNIA Jack Garofal (Gettyimages)

And beside that, there was Satanism. The church of Satan, founded in San Francisco in 1966 and led by Anton LaVey, who published “The Bible of Satan” in 1969 and preached the recommendation of Satanism, is the largest Satanist organization that frequently appears in the media. The hippies exploration of the spiritual world through psychedelics also brought negative aspects, such as the destruction of the mind through bad trips, the expansion of unscientific thinking, the danger of brainwashing in a state of altered consciousness, and the birth of cults, which are inextricably linked to peaceful trips that free the spirit. The Beatles’ “Helter Skelter,” as a musical root of heavy metal, is not related to the content of the song or the performance, but is associated with a gruesome image. The Manson Family members, after having been inspired by the song and having apocalyptic thoughts, murdered Sharon Tate, the wife of director Roman Polanski. The horrific incident was marked by the sensational murder of a Hollywood celebrity by a hippie cult and brought to an end the psychedelic drug-soaked, love-and-peace optimistic hippie boom by revealing its dark side, which then greatly influenced pop culture. It had a major impact on pop culture.

AP/SHUTTERSTOCK

また、ブラックサバスのバンド名の由来にもなった映画『ブラックサバス』(1963)が公開された1960年代はイタリアンゴシックホラーの全盛期で、この映画の監督でもあるマリオ・ハーヴァは『Bay of blood』(1971)でスプラッターホラーの元祖としても知られている。その後ハリウッドでホラー映画のブームが到来し、ゾンビ映画の金字塔『Night of the Living Dead』(1968)を皮切りに、ポランスキー監督の『ローズマリーの赤ちゃん』(1968)、『エクソシスト』(1973)の登場でオカルトブームがメインストリームのポップカルチャーを席巻していった。そして、ブラックサバスの読み通り、音楽や映画で悪魔をエンターテイメントとして楽しむ時代となった。

The 1960s, when the film “Black Sabbath” (1963), which gave Black Sabbath their band name, was released, was the golden age of Italian gothic horror, and Mario Harva, the director of this film, is also known as the originator of splatter horror with “Bay of blood” (1971) The film’s director, Mario Harva, is also known as the originator of splatter horror with “Bay of blood” (1971). Then came the boom of horror films in Hollywood, starting with the zombie movie milestone “Night of the Living Dead” (1968), followed by Polanski’s “Rosemary’s Baby” (1968) and “The Exorcist” (1973), and the occult boom dominated mainstream pop culture. And, as Black Sabbath expected , it was an era in which the devil was enjoyed as entertainment through music and film.

Night of the Living Dead(1968)/Rosemary’s Baby(1968)/The Exorcist(1973)/A Bay of blood(1971)

The Devil and the Blackletter

Originally, Blackletter is deeply rooted in medieval Christian imagery due to the way it was developed to rationalize biblical manuscripts. As occultism was strongly associated with entertainment, and the production of hidden secrets in the Middle Ages and antiquity to counter Christianity, and Satanism as a symbol of the Antichrist cited the bible, the black letter was favored as a subscript to emphasize satanic imagery. From the 1960s, fantasy novels dealing with witchcraft and the Middle Ages began to appear more frequently as a subgenre of science fiction novels, and in many cases, older typefaces such as Uncial and Versals were used for book covers rather than blackletter. The book cover of “The Lurking Fear,” a work by H.P Lovecraft, a horror writer who depicts horror in pulp fiction, the 1948 version published by Avon Books has the flavor of a horror movie poster of the time, while the 1971 cover design by Beagle Books The cover design for the 1971 Beagle Books publication uses a black letter as the title.

The Lurking Fear(1948/1971)

the 1922 film “Häxan” was the original horror/occult film about witches and witchcraft, and the poster for its release was a combination of Art Nouveau-style illustrations and modern dialogue, the packaging for the recent DVD release is a metal jacket-style design with large black lettering.

Häxan(1922)

After the popularity of heavy metal designs, Blackletter represent medieval horror , and the turning point may have been around 1970, when the occult boom brought exorcism and Satanism rituals to the forefront as part of fantasy, lumping them together with black magic rituals. The medieval letter “black letter” began to be used stereotypically as a dramatic device.

What popped out of the Pandora’s box opened by the counterculture of the 1960s were demons who were given new roles in both freedom. People wanted to see scary and invisible things, and pop culture turned fear and demons into entertainment. In the process, the black letter, which had been with Christianity, was replaced by the impression of the holy letter as the evil letter. The counter-culture has unleashed its counter.